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【死磕 Spring】—— IoC 之 Bean 的实例化策略:InstantiationStrategy

本文主要基于 Spring 5.0.6.RELEASE

摘要: 原创出处 http://cmsblogs.com/?p=todo 「小明哥」,谢谢!

作为「小明哥」的忠实读者,「老艿艿」略作修改,记录在理解过程中,参考的资料。


在开始分析 InstantiationStrategy 之前,我们先来简单回顾下 Bean 的实例化过程:

  1. Bean 的创建,主要是 AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean(...) 方法。在这个方法中有 Bean 的实例化、属性注入和初始化过程,对于 Bean 的实例化过程这是根据 Bean 的类型来判断的,如果是单例模式,则直接从 factoryBeanInstanceCache 缓存中获取,否则调用 #createBeanInstance(...) 方法来创建。
  2. #createBeanInstance(...) 方法中,如果 Supplier 不为空,则调用 #obtainFromSupplier(...) 实例化 bean。如果 factory 不为空,则调用 #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(...) 方法来实例化 Bean 。如果都不是,则调用 #instantiateBean(...) 方法来实例化 Bean 。但是无论是 #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(...) 方法,还是 #instantiateBean() 方法,最后都一定会调用到 InstantiationStrategy 接口的 #instantiate(...) 方法。

1. InstantiationStrategy

InstantiationStrategy 接口定义了 Spring Bean 实例化的策略,根据创建对象情况的不同,提供了三种策略:无参构造方法、有参构造方法、工厂方法。代码如下:

public interface InstantiationStrategy {

/**
* 默认构造方法
*/
Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner)
throws BeansException;

/**
* 指定构造方法
*/
Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner,
Constructor<?> ctor, @Nullable Object... args) throws BeansException;

/**
* 工厂方法
*/
Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner,
@Nullable Object factoryBean, Method factoryMethod, @Nullable Object... args)
throws BeansException;

}

2. SimpleInstantiationStrategy

InstantiationStrategy 接口有两个实现类:SimpleInstantiationStrategy 和 CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy。

SimpleInstantiationStrategy 对以上三个方法都做了简单的实现。

① 如果是工厂方法实例化,则直接使用反射创建对象,如下:

// SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java

@Override
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner,
@Nullable Object factoryBean, final Method factoryMethod, Object... args) {
try {
// 设置 Method 可访问
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(factoryMethod);
return null;
});
} else {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(factoryMethod);
}

// 获得原 Method 对象
Method priorInvokedFactoryMethod = currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod.get();
try {
// 设置新的 Method 对象,到 currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod 中
currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod.set(factoryMethod);
// 创建 Bean 对象
Object result = factoryMethod.invoke(factoryBean, args);
// 未创建,则创建 NullBean 对象
if (result == null) {
result = new NullBean();
}
return result;
} finally {
// 设置老的 Method 对象,到 currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod 中
if (priorInvokedFactoryMethod != null) {
currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod.set(priorInvokedFactoryMethod);
} else {
currentlyInvokedFactoryMethod.remove();
}
}
// 一大堆 catch 异常
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(factoryMethod,
"Illegal arguments to factory method '" + factoryMethod.getName() + "'; " +
"args: " + StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(args), ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(factoryMethod,
"Cannot access factory method '" + factoryMethod.getName() + "'; is it public?", ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
String msg = "Factory method '" + factoryMethod.getName() + "' threw exception";
if (bd.getFactoryBeanName() != null && owner instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory &&
((ConfigurableBeanFactory) owner).isCurrentlyInCreation(bd.getFactoryBeanName())) {
msg = "Circular reference involving containing bean '" + bd.getFactoryBeanName() + "' - consider " +
"declaring the factory method as static for independence from its containing instance. " + msg;
}
throw new BeanInstantiationException(factoryMethod, msg, ex.getTargetException());
}
}

② 如果是构造方法实例化,则是先判断是否有 MethodOverrides,如果没有则是直接使用反射,如果有则就需要 CGLIB 实例化对象。如下:

// SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java

// 默认构造方法
@Override
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {
// Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides.
// 没有覆盖,直接使用反射实例化即可
if (!bd.hasMethodOverrides()) {
Constructor<?> constructorToUse;
synchronized (bd.constructorArgumentLock) {
// 获得构造方法 constructorToUse
constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod;
if (constructorToUse == null) {
final Class<?> clazz = bd.getBeanClass();
// 如果是接口,抛出 BeanInstantiationException 异常
if (clazz.isInterface()) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");
}
try {
// 从 clazz 中,获得构造方法
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { // 安全模式
constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged(
(PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor<?>>) clazz::getDeclaredConstructor);
} else {
constructorToUse = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
}
// 标记 resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod 属性
bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex);
}
}
}
// 通过 BeanUtils 直接使用构造器对象实例化 Bean 对象
return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse);
} else {
// Must generate CGLIB subclass.
// 生成 CGLIB 创建的子类对象
return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner);
}
}

// 指定构造方法
@Override
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner,
final Constructor<?> ctor, Object... args) {
// 没有覆盖,直接使用反射实例化即可
if (!bd.hasMethodOverrides()) {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
// 设置构造方法,可访问
// use own privileged to change accessibility (when security is on)
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(ctor);
return null;
});
}
// 通过 BeanUtils 直接使用构造器对象实例化 Bean 对象
return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(ctor, args);
} else {
// 生成 CGLIB 创建的子类对象
return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner, ctor, args);
}
}
  • SimpleInstantiationStrategy 对 #instantiateWithMethodInjection(RootBeanDefinition bd, String beanName, BeanFactory owner, Constructor<?> ctor, Object... args) 的实现任务交给了子类 CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy 。

3. MethodOverrides

对于 MethodOverrides,如果读者是跟着小编文章一路跟过来的话一定不会陌生,在 BeanDefinitionParserDelegate 类解析 <bean/> 的时候是否还记得这两个方法:#parseLookupOverrideSubElements(...)#parseReplacedMethodSubElements(...) 这两个方法分别用于解析 lookup-methodreplaced-method 属性。

其中,#parseLookupOverrideSubElements(...) 源码如下:

parseLookupOverrideSubElements

更多关于 lookup-methodreplaced-method 请看:【死磕 Spring】—– IoC 之解析 bean 标签:meta、lookup-method、replace-method

4. CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy

类 CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy 为 Spring 实例化 Bean 的默认实例化策略,其主要功能还是对父类功能进行补充:其父类将 CGLIB 的实例化策略委托其实现。

// SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java

protected Object instantiateWithMethodInjection(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method Injection not supported in SimpleInstantiationStrategy");
}

// CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java

@Override
protected Object instantiateWithMethodInjection(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {
return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner, null);
}
  • CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy 实例化 Bean 策略,是通过其内部类 CglibSubclassCreator 来实现的。代码如下:

    // CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java

    @Override
    protected Object instantiateWithMethodInjection(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner, @Nullable Constructor<?> ctor, Object... args) {
    // Must generate CGLIB subclass...
    // 通过CGLIB生成一个子类对象
    return new CglibSubclassCreator(bd, owner).instantiate(ctor, args);
    }
  • 创建 CglibSubclassCreator 实例,然后调用其 #instantiate(Constructor<?> ctor, Object... args) 方法,该方法用于动态创建子类实例,同时实现所需要的 lookups(lookup-methodreplace-method)。

    // CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java#CglibSubclassCreator

    public Object instantiate(@Nullable Constructor<?> ctor, Object... args) {
    // <x> 通过 Cglib 创建一个代理类
    Class<?> subclass = createEnhancedSubclass(this.beanDefinition);
    Object instance;
    // <y> 没有构造器,通过 BeanUtils 使用默认构造器创建一个bean实例
    if (ctor == null) {
    instance = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(subclass);
    } else {
    try {
    // 获取代理类对应的构造器对象,并实例化 bean
    Constructor<?> enhancedSubclassConstructor = subclass.getConstructor(ctor.getParameterTypes());
    instance = enhancedSubclassConstructor.newInstance(args);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
    throw new BeanInstantiationException(this.beanDefinition.getBeanClass(),
    "Failed to invoke constructor for CGLIB enhanced subclass [" + subclass.getName() + "]", ex);
    }
    }
    // SPR-10785: set callbacks directly on the instance instead of in the
    // enhanced class (via the Enhancer) in order to avoid memory leaks.
    // 为了避免 memory leaks 异常,直接在 bean 实例上设置回调对象
    Factory factory = (Factory) instance;
    factory.setCallbacks(new Callback[] {NoOp.INSTANCE,
    new LookupOverrideMethodInterceptor(this.beanDefinition, this.owner),
    new ReplaceOverrideMethodInterceptor(this.beanDefinition, this.owner)});
    return instance;
    }
    • <x> 处,调用 #createEnhancedSubclass(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition) 方法,为提供的 BeanDefinition 创建 bean 类的增强子类。代码如下:

      // CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java#CglibSubclassCreator

      private Class<?> createEnhancedSubclass(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
      // 创建 Enhancer 对象
      Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
      // 设置 Bean 类
      enhancer.setSuperclass(beanDefinition.getBeanClass());
      // 设置 Spring 的命名策略
      enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);
      // 设置生成策略
      if (this.owner instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory) {
      ClassLoader cl = ((ConfigurableBeanFactory) this.owner).getBeanClassLoader();
      enhancer.setStrategy(new ClassLoaderAwareGeneratorStrategy(cl));
      }
      // 过滤,自定义逻辑来指定调用的callback下标
      enhancer.setCallbackFilter(new MethodOverrideCallbackFilter(beanDefinition));
      enhancer.setCallbackTypes(CALLBACK_TYPES);
      return enhancer.createClass();
      }
      • CGLIB 的标准 API 的使用。
    • <y> 处,获取子类增强 subclass 后,如果 Constructor 实例 ctr 为空,则调用默认构造函数(BeanUtils#instantiateClass(subclass))来实例化类,否则则根据构造函数类型获取具体的构造器,调用 Constructor#newInstance(args) 方法来实例化类。

4.1 MethodOverrideCallbackFilter

<x> 处调用的 #createEnhancedSubclass(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition) 方法,我们注意两行代码:

// CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java#CglibSubclassCreator

enhancer.setCallbackFilter(new MethodOverrideCallbackFilter(beanDefinition));
enhancer.setCallbackTypes(CALLBACK_TYPES);
  • 通过 MethodOverrideCallbackFilter 来定义调用 callback 类型。

MethodOverrideCallbackFilter 是用来定义 CGLIB 回调过滤方法的拦截器行为,它继承 CglibIdentitySupport 实现 CallbackFilter 接口。

  • CallbackFilter 是 CGLIB 的一个回调过滤器。
  • CglibIdentitySupport 则为 CGLIB 提供 #hashCode()#equals(Object o) 方法,以确保 CGLIB 不会为每个 Bean 生成不同的类。

MethodOverrideCallbackFilter 实现 CallbackFilter 的 #accept(Method method) 方法,代码如下:

// CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java#MethodOverrideCallbackFilter

@Override
public int accept(Method method) {
MethodOverride methodOverride = getBeanDefinition().getMethodOverrides().getOverride(method);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Override for '" + method.getName() + "' is [" + methodOverride + "]");
}
if (methodOverride == null) {
return PASSTHROUGH;
} else if (methodOverride instanceof LookupOverride) {
return LOOKUP_OVERRIDE;
} else if (methodOverride instanceof ReplaceOverride) {
return METHOD_REPLACER;
}
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unexpected MethodOverride subclass: " +
methodOverride.getClass().getName());
}
  • 根据 BeanDefinition 中定义的 MethodOverride 不同,返回不同的值, 这里返回的 PASSTHROUGHLOOKUP_OVERRIDEMETHOD_REPLACER 都是 Callback 数组的下标,这里对应的数组为 CALLBACK_TYPES 数组,如下:

    // CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java#CglibSubclassCreator

    private static final Class<?>[] CALLBACK_TYPES = new Class<?>[] {
    NoOp.class,
    LookupOverrideMethodInterceptor.class,
    ReplaceOverrideMethodInterceptor.class
    };

4.2 LookupOverrideMethodInterceptor

// CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java#LookupOverrideMethodInterceptor

private static class LookupOverrideMethodInterceptor extends CglibIdentitySupport implements MethodInterceptor {

private final BeanFactory owner;

public LookupOverrideMethodInterceptor(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, BeanFactory owner) {
super(beanDefinition);
this.owner = owner;
}

@Override
public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy mp) throws Throwable {
// Cast is safe, as CallbackFilter filters are used selectively.
// 获得 method 对应的 LookupOverride 对象
LookupOverride lo = (LookupOverride) getBeanDefinition().getMethodOverrides().getOverride(method);
Assert.state(lo != null, "LookupOverride not found");
// 获得参数
Object[] argsToUse = (args.length > 0 ? args : null); // if no-arg, don't insist on args at all
// 获得 Bean
if (StringUtils.hasText(lo.getBeanName())) { // Bean 的名字
return (argsToUse != null ? this.owner.getBean(lo.getBeanName(), argsToUse) :
this.owner.getBean(lo.getBeanName()));
} else { // Bean 的类型
return (argsToUse != null ? this.owner.getBean(method.getReturnType(), argsToUse) :
this.owner.getBean(method.getReturnType()));
}
}
}

4.3 ReplaceOverrideMethodInterceptor

// CglibSubclassingInstantiationStrategy.java#ReplaceOverrideMethodInterceptor

private static class ReplaceOverrideMethodInterceptor extends CglibIdentitySupport implements MethodInterceptor {

private final BeanFactory owner;

public ReplaceOverrideMethodInterceptor(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, BeanFactory owner) {
super(beanDefinition);
this.owner = owner;
}

@Override
public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy mp) throws Throwable {
// 获得 method 对应的 LookupOverride 对象
ReplaceOverride ro = (ReplaceOverride) getBeanDefinition().getMethodOverrides().getOverride(method);
Assert.state(ro != null, "ReplaceOverride not found");
// TODO could cache if a singleton for minor performance optimization
// 获得 MethodReplacer 对象
MethodReplacer mr = this.owner.getBean(ro.getMethodReplacerBeanName(), MethodReplacer.class);
// 执行替换
return mr.reimplement(obj, method, args);
}
}

通过这两个拦截器,再加上这篇博客:【死磕 Spring】—— IoC 之解析 bean 标签:meta、lookup-method、replace-method,是不是一道绝佳的美食。

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